**Common Name:** Sapphire (Persian: *Neelam*; Arabic: *Yaqoot-e-Kabood*; Hindi: *Neelman*) **Nature/Identity:** It is a renowned, high-grade mineral gemstone used for making jewels and settings. **T...
This gemstone is very precious and ancient. Ancient scholars and physicians have recorded their own accounts regarding it. Thus, Nicols writes, "The luster and brilliance of this gemstone is like that...
Common Name: Moonga. Persian: Marjan. Arabic: Marjan. Hindi: Moonga. Nature: It is a stony body, resembling a tree under water. Temperament: Cold and dry in the second degree; black variety is inferio...
Common Name: Panna. Persian: Zumurrud. Arabic: Zumurrud. Nature: It is among the fine stones and is found in gold mines. It has several varieties. Temperament: Cold in the second degree and dry in t...