Diamond

Topaz, which is called Yaqoot-e-Arzaq in Persian and Pushp Raag in Hindi, is a fine, ancient yellow gemstone. In the Hebrew language, it is called Pitdah, whose root appears to be the Sanskrit word Peet (meaning yellow). In the Greek language, it is called Topasitun (Topazion), the origin of which is the word Tipdah, which is a corrupted form of Pitdah. Its English name, Topaz, is derived from an island (located in the Red Sea) from where it was initially extracted. This island is in the Red Sea, and because it is always surrounded by fog and mist, it was named Topaz, meaning "to seek" (having to search for it), and from this, the word Topaz emerged. Several arguments prove that this gemstone was prevalent in ancient times. Consequently, Boetus writes that this gemstone is of a greenish-yellow color, and many of its properties were considered magical blessings and auspicious. Greek philosophers write that "Topaz removes grief and anger. Tying it on the arm neutralizes the effects of magic. It protects against debauchery." Experts describe two of its types: first, Eastern, and second, Western. The Topaz that consists solely of an alumina compound is Eastern, and the types in which 57 parts are alumina and the rest are a compound of silica and fluorine are called Western. In Sanskrit books, four of its castes are described: white Topaz is Brahmin, reddish is Kshatriya, yellow-colored is Vaishya, and blackish is Shudra. The ancients used to call it Chrysolite. A type of Topaz is named Pysnite (Pycnite), which is found in Altenberg. There is another type which is called Physolite (Physalite) or Phrphyslite (Pyrophysalite). It is dark (opaque) and swells with heat.

Common Name: Yaqoot, Persian: Yaqoot, Arabic: Yaqoot, Hindi: Manik Nature: It is a mineral substance that forms in its mine from sulfur and pure mercury. Temperament: Moderate in heat and cold, and dry in the second degree. Color and Scent: Extremely red, transparent, and brilliant. Taste: Bland; no particular taste is dominant. Harmful Effects: It is not very harmful. Corrective: Amber, gold, etc. Substitute: Its other varieties, such as the white one. Planetary Association: Associated with Mars. Special Benefit: Exhilarant (Muferrah), heart tonic, and a protector of innate heat. Complete Dose: Used up to three rattis. Incomplete Dose: One or two rattis. Actions and Properties It is an exhilarant and strengthens the brain. Administering one dirham is beneficial for epilepsy, obsessions (melancholy), palpitations, and the plague. It dissolves clotted blood, prevents hemorrhaging, acts as an antidote to poisons, and is useful against changes in epidemic air. It purifies the blood and protects innate heat. Wearing it in a ring is beneficial against the plague, while keeping it in the mouth quenches thirst and acts as a tonic and exhilarant for the heart. Its collyrium (surma) strengthens and protects the eyesight. Yaqoot, known in English as Ruby and in Hindi as Manik, is a very precious gemstone. Due to its rare color and elegant form, it is considered superior to all other gemstones and is highly favored. It is actually a variety of the mineral Corundum. Just as the essence of a diamond is carbon, one might ask if carbon alone transforms into all gems or if there is another substance that can be called the "matter" of gemstones. The answer is that Alumina is a natural substance that serves as a chemical component in major gemstones. Gems containing this substance are called Corundum, and in terms of properties and clarity, these gems have even surpassed the diamond. The types are: Eastern Yaqoot (Ruby) Spinel Ruby (known in India as Lal-e-Zamani) Balas Ruby Ruby Ceylan Although the latter three types are equal to the Ruby in appearance, they are different because they are lower in hardness, specific gravity, and one or two other properties. Therefore, they are counted as second-degree gemstones. Both the people of Arabia and Persia mention two types: first, Yaqoot, and second, Lal (Spinel/Garnet). Now, the description of Yaqoot follows: This gemstone is priceless due to its rarity and beautiful color. Since ancient times, it has been world-renowned as a marvelous gem. Various scholars have written different accounts regarding it. Poets use it metaphorically in their verses, particularly comparing the lips of the beloved to it. As one poet writes: Your ruby lip is a gem, it is a coral to the heart, The curl of your tress is an almond, a trap for mankind. Some people believe that it remains as bright as day even at night, which is why they call it Shab-e-Chiragh (The Night Lamp). In ancient times, its value was held in even higher regard than it is today.